对青藏高原地区建立牦牛奶业合作社的建议(英文)

牦牛是藏区牧民不可或缺的收入来源,然而,过度放牧已经导致了当地生态系统的严重退化.因此,为了减轻当地贫困,高附加值的牦牛产品(例如牦牛奶及其制品)的开发应当被重视与支持.牦牛奶的高营养价值和稀缺性使之成为了具有深加工潜力的资源.不管是在发达国家还是发展中国家,奶业合作社在改良奶品生产和为合作社成员增加收入方面都发挥了重要的作用.因此,探索怎样发展牦牛奶业合作社可以为发展当地牧区经济提供重要参考.本文分析了藏区奶业合作社的需求,并结合国内外文献,在实地考察的基础上,为更好地发展合作社提供了可能的解决方案.当前最急迫的需求是解决生产技术和营销的落后,才能为更大规模的酸奶的商业化流通提供必要条件.合作社可以通过与高等院校合作获得技术支持,与专业团体合作获得营销支持.长期来看,提高社员的商业意识和管理能力是解决问题的最终方案.

Proposal for the development of yak milk cooperatives in the Qinghai-Tibetan pasturing areas

Yak is a critical source of income for Tibetan herders. However, overgrazing has led to the deterioration of local ecosystem. Therefore, to reduce local poverty, development of value-added products, such as yak milk/milk products need to be better supported. The high nutrition value and scarcity of yak milk make it a good candidate for deep processing. Dairy cooperatives have played an important role in improving milk production and increasing income for their members, in both developed and developing countries. Therefore, exploring the development of yak milk cooperatives can provide useful insights tbr the development of local pasturing economies. This study analyzed the needs of the cooperatives in the Tibetan areas and proposed possible measures to better develop the cooperatives, based on field investigation on the three newly established yak milk cooperatives, as well as domestic and foreign literature. The most urgent need is to address the gaps in production technology and marketing of the products in order to meet the preconditions for yogurt products to circulate commercially on a larger scale. This can be achieved by cooperatives receiving technical support from universities/research institutions, and marketing services from professional third party agents. In the long run, improving the business awareness of members and cultivating their management abilities is the solution.