苏州古城区地面温度分析及在城市规划中的作用

利用ASTER热红外遥感数据,定量分析了苏州市古城区地面温度分布特征,研究显示：2005年春古城区白天地面温度差异在15℃以上,按影像像元值的空间聚集情况,城内地面温度可分为高、中、低3个等级区。结合实地调查与QuickBird影像判读,分析了城区地面温度空间变化与下垫面植被、水体及建筑物分布的对应关系,发现城内地面极端高温位于露天体育场,极端低温位于护城河道最宽部位。在此基础上分析了古城区热岛效应对居民生活环境及古城文化遗存的影响。降低古城区人口密度、清理民宅外围临时搭建、进行气流廊道的研究与建设、进行自行车专用道路建设以及合理绿化是缓解古城区热岛效应的有效措施。

Analysis of Land Surface Temperature in Ancient City Area of Suzhou and Its Role on City Planning

Satellite images have high surface resolution for land temperature observation,and it becomes a new effective data resource for urban heat island research instead of data from weather stations.Based on temperature image data（production 2B03） acquired by ASTER sensor in April 2005 and processed by ERSDAC,the distribution characteristics of land surface temperature in ancient city of Suzhou have been analyzed quantitatively.The result shows that the temperature difference at the city area around 12.4 km is more than 15 ℃.According to the spatial distribution of image elements,land surface temperature can be categorized into high（34 ℃）,middle（31～34 ℃）and low（31 ℃）spatial classes.Combined with land investigation and QuickBird satellite image interpretation,the relations of temperature and spatial differences in the ancient city area are discussed with the reference to physical properties of land objects,such as vegetation,water,buildings and their different combinations.Then some interesting parts in the city with the extreme surface temperatures are studied.It is found that the place with the highest surface temperature of 45 ℃ coincides with the place of rubber pavement of open stadium and that the lowest surface temperature of 21 ℃ coincides with the place of middle part of the widest river.The effects of heat island on people＇s life environment and ancient cultural relic existence conditions in this historic city are discussed,too.Several measures for reducing the higher temperature in land surface of the area are proposed for the city＇s planning.