“真空中光速c”及现行米定义质疑

基本物理常数出现于一些不同的物理现象中,是自然界客观规律的反映。1973年国际计量局(BIPM)决定真空中光速c值为299792458m/s;它的基础是高精度光频测量和高精度光波长测量,再用标量方程c=λf求出真空中光速。1983年根据这个值规定了更新的米定义;从那时起c值被固定化了,亦即真空中光速成为指定值。国际计量界认为无需再测量真空中光速。1983年的米定义已沿用至今。本文质疑了"真空中光速c"的定义和米定义。1905年Einstein提出狭义相对论(SR),其中有一个公设——光速不变性原理,但迄今缺乏真正的实验证明;近年来却有一些实验结果可能证伪了光速不变性。这种情况损害了国际计量大会(CGPM)1983年米定义的理论基础。如何看待真空始终是科学中的关键问题之一。当考虑量子物理真空概念时,实际上c是一个有起伏的值。分析显示,在今后的研究中c的恒值性和稳定性仍然有待解决。更有甚者,当计算真空中双平行导体板间能量时,会发现光速增大为超光速,虽然增值很小。不仅如此,真空极化作用也会改变光速;如此等等。真空中光速一旦指定就永远不变,但这是不可能的。既然计量学家认为关于光速恒定性的实验仍需进行,那就必须继续做高精度的光速测量。近年来光频测量技术飞速发展,锶晶格钟的不确定度仅为10-16(或更低),这为检验物理学基本理论、探讨基本物理常数是否真的是恒定常数创造了条件。而且当前已在研究修改秒定义的问题;故米定义也可以考虑修改。然而眼下尚不具备提出新的米定义的条件,因为一系列基础性难题尚待研究。例如在物理真空的概念中,真空中有许多忽隐忽现的虚光子,数量与环境温度有关。把真空看作一种媒质,光通过它时速度会减慢,其速度将与温度有关。这时真空中光速c已不再是一个恒定的常数。

Query the Validity of the Statement on Light-speed in Vacuum and the Definity of Meter

The basic physical constants appeared in the different phenomenons of physics, it is the represents of objective laws of nature. In 1973, the BIPM decided the light-speed of vacuum c = 299792458m/s; that are founded in technology by precision measurements of light frequency f and light wave-length 2, the obtained light speed by the scalar equation c = Rf. In 1983, according to this data, it has been decided the new definity of meter. So since 1983 the light speed of vacuum become stipulate value, there is no need to measurent c; Since that time, the data of light speed and the definity of meter are unchanged. In this paper, we query the validity of statement on light-speed in vacuum （c） and the definity of meter. The historical notes and the exploration of some paradoxes on these definities are discussed. In 1905, Einstein published his famous paper of Special Relativity（SR）, that the speed of light will be locally the same for all condition. But this principle be short of verification of experiment. In recent years, some results falsifying the principle of the light-speed constancy. This situation impair the theoretical basis of the definity on meter by CGPM in 1983. In the article we say, it must be mentioned that the meaning of vacuum still be a key problem of science. When we consider the quantum physical vacuum concept, c may be a fluctuation value in practive. Then, the analysis shows that how to establish the constancy and stability of c is still to be solved in future research. Further more, when we calculate the energy between two parallel conducting plates in vacuum, the change of vacuum structure enforced by the plates, that cause a change in light speed, though the variation are small. It is evident the action of vacuum polarization must variate the light seed; and so on. Since CGPM assign the definition of light-speed in vacuum and the meter, people suppose it really in-variation happened, but it is impossible. Since metrologist says ＂the experiment of light-seed constancy must do as pas