Retroelements and their impact on genome evolution and functioning |
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Authors: | Elena Gogvadze Anton Buzdin |
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Institution: | (1) Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya st, 117997 Moscow, Russia |
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Abstract: | Retroelements comprise a considerable fraction of eukaryotic genomes. Since their initial discovery by Barbara McClintock
in maize DNA, retroelements have been found in genomes of almost all organisms. First considered as a “junk DNA” or genomic
parasites, they were shown to influence genome functioning and to promote genetic innovations. For this reason, they were
suggested as an important creative force in the genome evolution and adaptation of an organism to altered environmental conditions.
In this review, we summarize the up-to-date knowledge of different ways of retroelement involvement in structural and functional
evolution of genes and genomes, as well as the mechanisms generated by cells to control their retrotransposition. |
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