北京白河湿地夏季昆虫群落组成特征的初步分析

本研究利用网捕法对北京市白河湿地昆虫群落进行了调查,共获标本21 429只,隶属于15目149科.其中,叶蝉科、爪姚科、盲蝽科、蚜科、潜蝇科、飞虱科、摇蚊科等19科为优势或常见科.在不同功能类群中,植食性昆虫最占优势,捕食性和寄生性昆虫个体较少,但类群较多.白河湿地昆虫群落的组成不仅较北京人工草坪群落和圆明园群落丰富,而且也较河南黄河、江西鄱阳湖以及厦门马銮湾3个湿地昆虫群落丰富,并以双翅目和膜翅目尤为突出.昆虫是湿地生态系统食物网的重要组成部分,研究湿地昆虫群落多样性对湿地生态系统功能的评价具有重要意义.白河湿地虽然面积较小,却蕴藏着丰富的昆虫多样性,应引起充分重视.

Preliminary Analysis on Composition Features of Insect Community in Baihe River Wetland, Beijing in Summer

Nine areas containing 14 sampling sites were selected to reflect the environment of Baihe River wetland,Beijing and the investigation was carried out in August 2002 by sweep-net sampling.A total of 21 429 insect specimens were collected,which belonged to 15 orders,149 families.19 families,including Cicadellidae,Paronellidae,Miridae,Aphididae,Agromyzidae,Delphacidae,Chironomidae,etc., were above 1% of the total individuals,respectively.Among different guilds,phytophagous insects sharing 60% of the total individuals were much more abundant than either predatory insects or parasitic insects,however,the latter were rich in the composition of families.Comparing Beihe River wetland with five other ecosystems in China,i.e.,Yellow River wetland in Henan,Poyang Lake wetland in Jiangxi,Maluan Bay wetland in Xiamen,and Yuanmingyuan Garden and lawns in Beijing,it was found that Baihe River wetland possessed the richest insect biodiversity in the level of family.Moreover,Diptera and Hymenoptera in Baihe River wetland were obviously abundant than those communities' compared above either in the level of individual or family.Studying the diversity of wetland insect community,a fundamental part of food web,will play an important role in functional evaluation to wetland ecosystem.Many kinds of insects were used as indicators since they are known to be sensitive to environmental perturbations,and thus provide early warning on the disturbance effects.Baihe River wetland should be attached importance to because of its abundant biodiversity of insects and more researches should also be carried out systematically in Baihe River wetland ecosystem in the future even if this area is small.