实验动物设施内哨兵鼠对病原菌监控的研究

目的通过使用哨兵鼠的监控探讨我院实验动物屏障环境中病原菌的产生途径。方法选择27只ICR小鼠、27只Nu/+裸鼠和27只SD大鼠作为哨兵鼠,分为实验组(手术组、非手术组)和正常对照组,实验组通过更换"脏垫料"进行饲养,对照组按正常饲养方式饲养,每隔3个月送检27只哨兵鼠进行检测,共送检3次。结果正常对照组3次均未检测到病原菌,实验组在冬季月份未检测到病原菌感染,春、夏二季检测到病原菌感染,三个季节的病原菌感染率有显著性差异,P=0.012,其中春季较冬/夏季感染率有显著性差异,P=0.004,另两个季节之间差异不显著;病原菌感染率随着动物饲养量的增减而升高或降低;实验组中手术组病原菌感染率较非手术组略高;大鼠的病原菌感染率略高于小鼠。结论屏障环境内实验鼠群的病原菌感染可能与季节、饲养量、频繁实验操作、动物种类等有直接关系。

The Bacteria and Mycoplasma Monitoring in the Laboratory Animal Facility by Using Sentinel Mice

Objective To investigate the spread of bacteria and mycoplasma in the laboratory animal’s barrier environment in our hospital by using sentinel mice.Method A total 27 ICR mice,27 Nu/＋ nude mice and 27 SD rats were observed as ＂sentinel mice＂,divided into experimental groups（surgical group and non-surgical group） and normal control group.The animals in experimental groups were housed by different ＂dirty bedding＂ exposure.Those in the normal control group were housed with the normal breeding procedure.27 sentinel mice were examined every three months,three times in all.Results Bacteria and mycoplasma infection was not detected in normal control group at all,compared with the higher infection rates in experimental groups.The infections occurred more frequently during spring,then summer,but were not able to be detected during winter season.The infection rates in three seasons showed statistical difference（P=0.012）,especially during spring,showed significant statistical difference（P=0.004） compared with the infection during winter and summer season.The infection rates in winter and summer season showed no statistical difference.Besides,the infection rates were directly proportional to the raising quantity of animals.The infection rate in the surgery group slightly higher than that in the non-surgery group,but no significant difference was found.The rats presented higher infection rate than mice.Conclusion The bacteria and mycoplasma infection of laboratory rodent colonies in the barrier environment in our hospital is possibly related to several factors including the season,raising number,frequent experimental operation and the animal species.