基于GIS的广东省人居环境自然适宜性评价

基于GIS平台,以1 km×1 km栅格为基本单元,选取地形、地被、气候、水文等自然因子,构建模型计算了广东省不同地区的人居环境指数,揭示了广东省人居环境自然适宜性的空间格局,探讨了广东省不同地区的自然适宜性和限制性因子。研究表明:广东省的人居环境指数介于29.6~91.2之间,整体格局是中部人居环境指数较高,往南和往北均呈逐渐降低趋势。比较适宜区的分布面积最广,占全省面积的67.46%,相应人口最多,占全省人口的71.07%;一般适宜区土地面积占全省面积的28.8%,相应人口占21.54%;高度适宜区面积占2.97%,人口占7.32%;临界适宜区面积、人口占比均最低,分别为0.77%、0.07%。地形起伏大是粤北的共同限制因子,水热匹配状况差是湛江、茂名的主导限制因子,地被覆盖稀疏是珠三角部分经济发达地区的主要限制因子,大部分一般适宜区同时受多个自然因子限制。

GIS-Based Evaluation of Natural Suitability of Human Settlement Environment in Guangdong Province

Based on Geographic Information System(GIS), at a 1 km×1 km grid size, by choosing terrain, land cover, climate and water resources as evaluation factors, this paper establishes the human settlement environment model, calculates the human settlement environment index(HEI) of Guangdong, analyses the regional differences of natural suitability of human settlement environment and discusses the suitable and restrictive factors of different regions in Guangdong Province. The results show that: the HEI of Guangdong ranges from 29.6 to 91.2; the natural environment suitability decreases both from the central region to the south and from the central region to the north of Guangdong. Considering area and population, the comparatively suitable region ranks first in both aspects, accounting for 67.46% of the total area and 71.07% of the total population of Guangdong; the common suitable region accounts for 288% of the total area and 21.54% of the total population of Guangdong; the most desirable region -accounts for 2.97% of the total area and 7.32% of the total population of Guangdong; the low suitable region has the lowest percentage in both aspects, with 0.77% of the total area and 0.07% of the population of Guangdong. Salient relief is a common bottleneck of natural suitability for human settlement in northern Guangdong, while surface water shortage and hot climate are the main disadvantages of natural environment suitability in Zhanjiang and Maoming. Sparse vegetation is the main natural restriction to natural suitability of some developed regions in the Pearl River Delta, while most common suitable regions are restricted by two or more natural factors.