天童20 hm~2常绿阔叶林样地优势鸟类时空多维度生态位分析

2011年10月2012年10月,对浙江天童山20 hm~2样地内鸟类利用资源情况进行观察.共观察记录鸟类43种,数量4 823只,并对样地内6种优势鸟类(黑[短脚]鹎Hypsipetes leucocepalus、白头鹎Pycnonotus sinensis、栗背[短脚]鹎Hypsipetes castanonotus、红头长尾山雀Aegithalos concinnus、大山雀Parus major和灰眶雀鹛Alcippe morrisonia)在垂直维度、水平维度、DBH维度和栖树维度上采用Hurlbert公式,得到各优势种生态位宽度值;采用Schoener公式对优势鸟类不同维度的生态位重叠进行分析并对生态位时空变化进行探讨.结果表明:森林生态系统中优势鸟类在不同维度上存在生态位分离;优势种不同时空生态位呈动态变化,最终在多维度水平上趋于稳定.由此,确认了占据优势种群地位的鸟类在不同生态位维度上的分离和生态位时空动态变化是群落结构处于稳定状态的主要原因.

Time-space of multi-dimensional niche of dominant birds in the evergreen broad-leaf forest in Tiantong Mountain,Zhejiang Province

From October 2011 to October 2012, a total of 43 species and 4823 individuals of bird were recorded in the 20 hm2 sample area of the forest ecosystem of Tiantong National Station (Zhejiang Province,China). Black Bulbul (Hypsipetesleucocepalus), Light-vented Bulbul (Pycnonotussinensis), Chestnut Bulbul (Hypsipetescastanonotus), Black-throated Tit (Aegithalosconcinnus), GreatTit (Parusmajor) and Grey-cheeked Fulvetta (Alcippemorrisonia) were dominant species. Based on vertical, horizontal, DBH and perched 〖JP2〗patterns of dominant bird species, the niche breadth indices by Hurlbert (1978), the niche overlap indices by Schoener (1986). It was discussed that the utilzation states for space, the interspecific relationships of dominant bird species and the space-time niche〖JP〗 changed. The results suggested that: The niches of dominant birds are separation in different dimensions. In different space-time scales,  the niches are dynamically changeable and finally tend to maintain stability in multi-dimension. It was found that the reasons for the dominant birds kept their community structure stable are that these species ecological niches are separating in different dimensions and changing in space and time.