以农为主，还是多种经营：近代泰顺山区的商品经济

通常以为，中国传统农村经济以农为主，工商业的重要性远不如农业。依据考察资料，详细探讨了近代浙江泰顺县的经济结构，以为在这种山多地少的山区，大部分的家庭主要依赖农业以外的经营活动，即使农民也不例外。并分析了这种经济结构对该县的城镇分布和古廊桥、古民居、古道修建的影响，指出泰顺是一个既无巨富、也少赤贫的山林世界，特点是绝大部分的家庭都拥有一点耕地和山园，可以获得维系生活所需的最低程度的粮食；由于山区资源丰富和靠近沿海发达地区，人们又能够通过多种经营而有少许积蓄，可以将之用于家庭建房，并为修建桥梁、道路以及宗祠等公共建筑而适当捐资。

Commodity Economy in Mountainous Areas of Taishun in Modern Times

It is generally accepted that the traditional Chinese rural economy was heavily agriculture oriented and the other sectors, including industry and commerce, were much less important as compared to the agricultural sector. Based on investigation data, the economic structure of the modem time＇s Taishun County, Zhejiang Province was discussed in this paper, and it was argued that the most households, including the peasant ones, in the mountainous Taishun depended primarily on income from non-agricultural activities. It was also analyzed that how the economic structure affected the township distribution and the construction of roof-covered bridges, houses and roads; neither the richest nor the poorest existed while the most households were able to sustain basic living on the barely enough food from their small pieces of farmlands and woodlands; and because of Taishun＇s rich natural resources and its vicinity from the better developed coastal areas locals were allowed to engage in a variety of businesses to have little saving, which could be used on construction of both private houses and public structures such as bridges, roads and family temples.