基于聚苯胺有机半导体发展光电化学体系检测尿素

聚苯胺（PANI）是一种导电性良好、光电转化效率高的p型有机半导体.采用旋涂法制备了聚苯胺/氧化铟锡（PANI/ITO）电极，然后通过静电吸附将脲酶（urease）固定在PANI/ITO表面，形成Urease/PANI/ITO复合电极.利用脲酶分解尿素（urea）产生的氨可以改变PANI膜质子化状态，从而影响其光电性能的原理，发展可特异性检测尿素的光电化学（PEC）方法.该方法对尿素的线性检测范围较宽（10^-3~10^-8mol·L^-1），特异性、稳定性和可重现性也较好，可用于人体尿液中尿素含量的测定.

Development of a photoelectrochemical system based on polyaniline organic semiconductor for detection of urea

Polyaniline(PANI) is a p-type of organic semiconductor with good conductivity and high photoelectric conversion efficiency. In this work, a polyaniline/indium tin oxide(PANI/ITO) electrode was prepared by spin coating. Then, the urease was immobilized on its surface by electrostatic adsorption to form an Urease/PANI/ITO composite electrode. The fixed urease on the surface catalyzes urea decomposition to generate ammonia, changing the PANI film''s protonation state and further affecting its photoelectrochemical response. Based on this, a photoelectrochemical(PEC) method for the specific detection of urea was established. The technique has a broad linear detection range for urea(10^-5-10^-9 mol·L^-1) and has reasonable specificity, stability, and reproducibility. It has been successfully used to detect urea content in human urine.