农村装配式住宅侧墙送风系统室内气流组织研究

针对装配式建筑特殊结构形式对暖通空调(heating,ventilating and air conditioning,HVAC)系统新的挑战与机遇,结合置换通风优势以及装配式住宅建筑墙体空间结构特征,开展了装配式住宅侧墙通风系统集成研究.采用数值建模研究手段,基于计算流体力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)计算平台,在诠释系统架构与运行方式基础上,重点分析了该新型系统运行效果表征关键环节,即室内气流组织效果.选择了夏季室内三种不同送风模式以及传统射流送风方式进行对比分析,并以风速不均匀系数、空气扩散性能指标以及通风效率等作为系统性能评价指标.研究结果表明:在相同的制冷量限定条件下,大面积侧墙下送上回和中送风工况的风速不均匀系数、空气扩散性能指标、通风效率分别为0.432、0.963、1.279和0.386、0.926、1.574,优于传统射流送风方式的0.552、0.483、1.081.尤其采用中送风模式下,室内工作区内温度较低,在满足室内设计温度的条件下具有节能潜力.该装配式住宅侧墙送风系统,不仅可提高室内热舒适性,而且能一定程度上降低建筑能耗,为装配式建筑与暖通系统的融合与一体化设计开拓了新思路.

Study on Indoor Airflow Organization of Rural Prefabricated Residence Sidewall Air Supply System

In views of the new challenges and opportunities for the HVAC system in the special structural form of prefabricated buildings. The author combined the advantages of displacement ventilation and the spatial structure characteristics of prefabricated residential building walls, and carried out integrated research on the sidewall ventilation system of prefabricated residential buildings. Based on the CFD (computational fluid dynamics) computing platform, numerical modeling research method was used. On the basis of interpreting the system architecture and operation mode, the key point of the system''s operating effect characterization which was the indoor airflow organization effect was analyzed. Three different indoor air supply modes in summer and traditional jet air supply modes were selected for comparative analysis, and velocity non-uniformity coefficient, air diffusion performance index and ventilation efficiency were taken as system performance evaluation indexes. The research results show that under the same cooling capacity, velocity non-uniformity coefficient, air diffusion performance index, and ventilation efficiency of the large-area sidewall up-return down-supply condition and medium air supply condition are 0.432, 0.963, 1.279, and 0.386, 0.926, 1.574 respectively, which are superior to 0.552, 0.483, 1.081 of traditional jet air supply system. Especially under the medium air supply mode, the temperature in the indoor working area is lower, and it has energy saving potential under the condition of meeting the indoor design temperature. The prefabricated residential sidewall air supply system could not only improve indoor thermal comfort, but also reduce building energy consumption to a certain degree. This innovative system opens up a new idea for the integration and integrated design of prefabricated buildings and HVAC systems.