利己还是利他?--索伯-威尔逊的利他主义进化模型评介

20世纪60年代开始,一些社会生物学家开始试图从进化的角度来说明人类利他行为,但却不愿意复活达尔文自然选择的残酷涵义.因此在其基础上先后建立了群选择和亲选择理论,在群体和亲族的范围内解释了利他主义行为.艾利奥特·索伯和大卫·斯洛恩·威尔逊在他们<向着他人:非自私行为的进化论和心理学>一书中,从生物学和心理学上给我们一种新的视角,即将群选择理论精致化,细分为群内选择和群间选择.根据这一进化模型,尽管在群内选择中利己主义占有优势,但在群间选择中利他主义占有优势.从全球范围看,利他主义将得到进化.

Altruism or Egoism: A Review About Sober and Wilson's Model on the Evolution of Altruism

Since 1960's,social biologists have tried to explain altruism based on evolution but without invoking the cruel natural selection rule of Darwinism. Group selection and family selection theories were then established to explain altruism within groups and families.Elliot Sober and David Sloan Wilson introduced a new perspective in their book " Unto others: The evolution and psychology of unselfish behavior".They further developed the group selection theory by distinguishing between intra-group selection and inter-group selection to justify selections at the group level.In the light of this theory,altruism is superior in the inter-selection while egoism is superior in the intra-selection,and altruism will evolve in the global population in this way.