2014年春季北京地区啮齿类实验动物健康状况的病理学调查和分析

目的 2014年5月本实验室对北京市14家单位的啮齿类实验动物的健康状况进行病理学调查。方法采集啮齿类实验动物的心、肝、脾、肺、肾、大肠和小肠后经10%福尔马林固定,通过石蜡切片H.E.染色、冰冻切片油红O染色、PAS染色于显微镜下观察。结果绝大多数实验用鼠为健康状态,仅部分非健康动物出现不同程度的肝细胞肿胀(32.6%)、轻度肺脏病变(24%)、肾脏蛋白样渗出物和管型(13.2%)。本次抽检结果与前两年抽检结果相比较,肝脏脂肪染色阳性率(6.2%)低于2013年春秋季的17.1%和6.25%,以及2012年春秋季的26.7%和14.8%,有降低的趋势。值得引起注意的是,肾脏病变从2010年春季在小鼠(2%)和2011年春季在大鼠(20%)中偶发,发展至今,已经在小鼠(6%)、大鼠(12%)和豚鼠(20%)中普遍存在,从偶发病变发展成为常发病变,应加强防范。结论本次调查结果表明北京地区啮齿类实验动物基本为健康状态,少数动物出现组织病理学变化可能与饲养环境、饲料营养成分以及运输、处死时的应激有关,宜提高饲养管理水平和避免应激来加以改善。

Investigation and Analysis of Pathology on Health Status of Beijing Laboratory Rodents in Spring 2014

Objective In May 2014, our lab has taken samples from 14 units to investigate the health status of Beijing laboratory rodents. Method We collected the heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, large intestine and small intestine, and put these organs into 10% paraformaldehyde solution for fixation, and then prepared into two different sections for optical microscopy observation including all paraffin specimens stained with H. E. and the frozen sections stained with Oil Red O and PAS. Result The vast majority of laboratory rodents were pathologically diagnosed as healthy animals. Liver cell swelling（32.6% ）, slight lung lesion （24%）and protein cast of kidney（13.2% ）were main lesions which might affect the health of laboratory rodents. Comparing with the results of the last two years, Oil Red O staining positive rate（6.2% ） ,which was lower than 17. 1% in May 2013, 6.25% in October 2013 , 26.7% in May 2012 and 14.8% in October 2013 had a tendency to reduce At the beginning , kidney lesion was only found occasionally in mice （2%） in 2012 and rats （20%） in 2011, but became common in mice（6% ） , rats（ 12% ）and guinea pigs（20% ）. Kidney lesion, changes from accidental occurrence to frequent occurrence, showed that prevention should be strengthened. Conclusion The vast majority of laboratory rodents were pathologically diagnosed as healthy animals. The result might be related to breeding and feeding environment and transport stress, and the improvement of management level and avoidance of stress can ameliorate the health status of laboratory rodents.