分散种植模式下杂交杏李园节肢动物的种群动态研究

分散种植是我国传统的农业种植模式,但由此产生的生境丧失与破碎化是农业生态系统中自然天敌对害虫控制能力下降的重要因素.本文以农村分散种植的39户杂交杏李果园为研究斑块,利用网捕法、巴氏罐诱集等方法,研究了新建杂交杏李园中节肢动物种群的构建、扩散和转移.结果表明,随着树龄的增长,果园节肢动物逐步占据种植斑块.不同种群占据所有斑块所需的时间长短不一,种群密度逐渐增长,杂交杏李在种植后的8年种群密度趋于稳定,具有明显的时滞期、扩散期和饱和期.农户分散种植和耕作方式的改变会产生明显的斑块效应和隔离效应,从而影响果园自然天敌及害虫种群.因此利用农业景观格局进行以害虫生物防治为中心的设计与规划有着巨大的前景.

Population Dynamics of Arthropod in the Scattered Planting Hybrid Aprum Orchard

Habitat loss and fragmentation have become one of the important characteristics of farmland habitat,but associated shifts in pest-natural enemy interaction is rarely known.In this paper,changes in population size,community composition,transfer and diffusion of arthropod in scattered planting orchard was studied.The results show that with the increasing of tree age,the arthropods gradually occupyed the planted patch.The time was not same for different populations occupyed all plaques,population density increased little by little,in the past 8years,the hybrid aprum population density tends to be stable and the time was obviously with Establishment phas,Expansion phase and saturation phas.which imply that agricultural landscape pattern is the important factor influencing the change of pests and natural enemies;Unreasonable farmland landscape pattern lead to grain pests caused widespread damage in fruit trees;habitat loss and fragmentation seriously interfere with the searching efficiency of natural enemy on pest and predation.Therefore,proceeding the design and planning biological control of pests using the agricultural landscape pattern has a great prospect.