陇中民俗事象探析

陇中民俗事象主要有：一是生产民俗＂放鹞子＂,即用鹞子驱赶麻雀,以制止麻雀对秋粮的危害,这是动物食物链中天敌关系在生产实践中的运用;二是禁忌民俗＂掏了燕,死一院＂,阻止小孩掏燕子窝的真正目的是基于崇尚燕子与人亲近的习性以及感恩于燕子捕捉害虫为人类造福的美德而着意保护燕子,是一种包含求善忌恶道德内核的生态禁忌民俗;三是生活民俗＂挖水窖＂,这是陇中人探索出的通过挖水窖储蓄雨季的天然降水以备旱季人畜饮用的方法,是当地民众在与自然斗争实践中创造的＂抗风险适应＂知识;四是巫医习俗＂诧冲气＂,这是传统巫医习俗在现代医疗保障欠缺环境下的延续。这些民俗事象从不同侧面反映出陇中人淳朴、善良、勤劳、节俭和坚韧的性格。

Studies on the Folk Phenomena in Central Gansu

The main folk phenomena in Central Gansu are as the followings： first, the production folklore ＂flying kites＂, that is, using kites to drive sparrows in order to stop the sparrows from harming the autumn grain crops. That is the application of natural enemy relations in the animal food chain to the production practice. Second, the taboo folklore is described by the saying ＂all of the swallows in the courtyard will die if a child takes swallows out of a nest＂. The real purpose of preventing kids from taking swallows out of a nest is to protect swallows with care and effort on the basis of advocating the habits of swallows close to people and thanking swallows for the virtue of capturing pests for the benefit of mankind. That is a kind of ecological taboo folklore containing moral core of avoiding evil for good. Third, the living folklore ＂digging water cellars＂, which is a method explored by people in Central Gansu which aims to save the natural precipitation of the rainy season for the drinking of people and livestock in the dry season through digging water cellars. This is also the knowledge of ＂anti-risk adaptation＂ created by the local people in the struggle with nature. Fourth, the folklore of the witchcraft treatment is called ＂Cha Chongqi＂ in Chinese, which is the extension of the traditional witchcraft treatment for lack of modem medical security. From different aspects, these folk phenomena reflect people in Central Gansu characterized by plainness, kindness, industry, thriftiness and toughness.