地震勘探中二维、三维随机介质模拟及属性优化

在石油勘探难度逐渐加深的大环境下，常规均匀层状介质已经不能满足高精度、高保真度地震勘探的开发要求，随机介质理论的研究即被提上日程。目前，无论是在二维还是三维地震勘探建模过程中认为同层地震属性是一致的，多以均匀层状介质为研究基础，这种思想忽略了小尺度参量对结果带来的随机扰动，这样的模型往往不能准确地对实际地层进行描述。因此本研究分别构建了混合型二维、三维随机介质模型并给出了详细的建模流程，同时引入二维、三维锥形函数进行建模离散过程中的误差压制。分析了混合型自相关函数各参数对模型的影响，数值模拟结果显示，对比不同参数下所建立的二维、三维随机介质地震属性模型，可以非常清晰、直观地看到地层中的随机扰动情况，有效地模拟随机介质在实际地下构造中的分布细节。最后提出了引入方向因子的三维随机介质建模的方法，该方法相比于传统方法更有利于对比裂隙在实际地质构造的分布特征，在实际正演模拟中该理论同样有不错的效果支撑。

2D and 3D stochastic media simulation and attribute optimization in seismic exploration

In the environment of the increasing difficulty of seismic exploration, the conventional uniform layered medium can no longer meet the development requirements of high precision and high fidelity seismic exploration, and the study of random medium theory has been put on the agenda.At present, the same layer seismic properties are considered to be consistent in the process of 2D or 3D seismic exploration and modeling, and they are mostly based on the research of uniform layered media. This idea ignores the random perturbation brought by the small-scale parameter to the results, and such models often cannot accurately describe the actual strata.So this paper constructs the hybrid 2D and 3D random medium model and gives a detailed modeling process, analyzes the hybrid autocorrelation function of the parameters of the model, numerical simulation results show, comparing the 2D and 3D random medium seismic attribute model, can be very clear and intuitively see the random disturbance in the stratum, effectively simulate the random medium distribution in the actual underground structure details.At the same time, 2D and 3D cone functions are introduced to model the error suppression in the discrete process. Finally, this paper proposes the method of 3D random medium modeling with direction factor. Compared with the traditional method, it is more conducive to compare the distribution characteristics of cracks in the actual geological structure.The theory also has good results in the actual forward simulation.