胶质芽孢杆菌荚膜染色方法的比较与改进

荚膜是细菌的重要附属物,细菌有无荚膜以及荚膜物质厚度和化学组成是其重要特征之一.染色和观察荚膜形态是微生物研究中的基本技能,但荚膜的低折光性与亲和染料能力差等特性,使其不易着色,制作一张好的荚膜染色玻片需要正确的染色方法和一定的熟练程度.胶质芽孢杆菌(Bacillus mucilaginosus)以其肥厚荚膜为显著特征,该菌的许多有益特性都与其产生肥厚荚膜有密切关系.本文以该菌为试验对象,尝试采用7种负染方法对荚膜进行染色.结果表明:7种染色方法中,墨汁染色法和刚果红盐酸染色法简便快速且效果较好;对刚果红盐酸染色法进行了改进,使染色效果更为理想,该方法值得推广.

Comparison and Improvement of Seven Staining Methods Used for the Capsule of Bacillus Mucilaginosus

The capsule is an important kind of bacterial attachment. The existence, thickness and chemical constituents of the capsule are important characters of bacteria. Capsule staining and observing are basic skills in bacterial certification. It needs proper staining methods and proficiency to make staining slide of capsule better, because the capsule has low refraction and low affinity with dyes. Bacillus mucilaginosus is characterized by its abundant capsule, and most useful performances of the bacteria relate to its capsules. We studied seven methods of negative staining of bacterial capsule and compared their ad- vantages and weaknesses. The results showed that the ink staining method and Congo red/hydrochloric acid staining method are simple and convenient as well as fast and effective; the improved Congo red/hydrochloric acid staining method makes the staining more perfect, and this method is worthy of popularization in the related lab.