上海原住民的Y染色体遗传分析

Y染色体是继线粒体之后的研究人类进化的又一热点,通过对其上的多态性位点研究也证实了非洲起源说.Y染色体上的各单核苷酸多态(SNP)位点组合成的单倍型与民族系统的时间发生尺度比较一致,所以是鉴别民族迄今最恰当的遗传材料.M119C这一SNP突变是百越民族的特色,M119C-M110C和M95T-M88G更是百越的特有种.良渚文化的族属是考古学界的一个争议焦点,有百越和三苗两种说法.良渚文化与马桥文化之间差异极大,其居民遗传上是否继承也是有问题的.本项研究通过对马桥地区良渚时期、马桥时期、战国、明代及现代居民Y染色体若干SNP位点的检测,重点考察了M119位点,发现马桥地区各时期的居民都有较高的M119C和M95T类型,具有典型的百越特征,而没有苗瑶的特征.这说明自古以来马桥地区居民都是越人,并且一脉传承至今.现代上海的原住民"宕傣"人与台湾原住民的遗传结构最接近,其次接近西南部的侗傣民族.主成分分析及主成分与Y染色体单倍型的相关分析发现,单倍型H9和H11区分了东越与西越,H7区分了苗瑶,H8区分出了氐羌,H11与H5区分了濮越系统与非濮越系统.各单倍型能对各民族系统较清晰地区分和代表,是族属分析的良好材料,值得深入研究.

Genetics Analysis of Shanghai Aborigine with SNPs on Y Chromosome

Y chromosome is another focus of human evolutionary studies after mitochondrial DNA, which has also approved the "out of Africa" hypothesis. The mutation rate of haplotypes of single nucleic polymorphisms (SNP) on Y chromosome matches that of ethnic evolvements well, so Y_SNPs become the most measurable genetic materials in ethnicity nowadays. Among hundreds of Y_SNPs found, M119C mutation is the characteristic of Daic, and haplotypes of M119C_M110C and M95T_M88G can hardly be found out of Daic and Austronesian. Maqiao Culture lies on but is quite different from Liangzhu Culture, and it is also a question whether the people of these two cultures are the same population. So Y_SNPs are tested in the populations of Liangzhu Period, Maqiao Period, Waring States Period, Ming Dynasty and modern population in Maqiao district, and high frequencies of M119C and M95T are found. The results show that people in Maqiao district are always Daic people genetically from 6000 year ago to now, never Hmong_Mien. These Shanghai aborigines self_proclaimed "Dangdaic" are most similar to Taiwan aborigines on genetic structure, and also fairly close to Kam_Tai peoples in Southwest China. Principle component analysis and correlation analysis between components and haplotypes shows that H9 and H11 haplotypes differentiates West and East Daic, H7 recognizes Hmong_Mien, H8 Sino_Tibetan. Y_SNP haplotypes divide the ethnic groups clearly, that shows these are good materials of ethnicity, and worth of further studies.