农作物病毒病害绿色防控技术创新

作物病毒病害是限制我国农作物优质稳产的主要因素之一,其主要由媒介生物传播,作物普遍缺乏抗病毒病的种质资源,病毒病害防治难度大,主要依赖化学农药通过防控媒介昆虫进行控制。近年来,随着纳米生物学、分子生物学和组学研究的飞速发展,以及微观生物学技术和理念对宏观生物学的快速渗透与交叉,基因组编辑技术的快速发展,病毒—昆虫—植物三者互作机制等各方面研究取得了诸多重要进展,在寻找病毒病害流行爆发的宏观生态学现象背后的分子生物学与生物化学机制上取得了长足进步,从而促进新型病毒病害的持久防控技术的发展,提供了科学依据和潜在新方案。文章简要回顾了近年来这些新技术的主要机理,并抛砖引玉提出了对未来发展的建议和思考。建议国家和社会组织研究力量,大力加强1)探索利用微纳米递送化学药物或者核酸干扰等防治病毒病害的新方法研究;2)病害发生的多元生物体系互作机制及科学防控科技支撑能力建设;3)基因组编辑创建病毒病害绿色防控的技术等方向的探索与突破,力求在病毒病害绿色生态防控方面为农业提供强有力的科技创新和支撑能力。

Innovation of Green Prevention and Control Technology for Crop Virus Diseases

Plant viruses are viruses that affect plants and cause annual lose of billions dollars in China. Around 80% of 1340 plant virus species are arthropod vector transmitted. Due to lack of resistant (R) gene in major crops, it is highly dependent on spraying pesticides to control vector- transmitted viral diseases. Green and safe agriculture is the inevitabler equirement for the sustainable development of China. With the rapid development of nanotechnology, genome editing technology and tripartite interactions of virus- vector- crops, it is of great significance and of great application value to develop and apply new strategies to control plant viral disease. Here, we review recent studies on the plant- virus relationships with a focus on molecular and biochemical mechanisms that drive vector- borne viral diseases. This knowledge is essential for the further design and/or development of effective and sustainable strategies to protect viral damages so as to increase crop yield and food security. Future efforts in this area should be focused on: 1) Develop novel nanocarrier system for dsRNA and RNA interference, to deliver small RNA as a stable extrogenous spray application for crop protection; 2) Understanding the mechanisms of multidimensional interactions of virus- vector- plant- microbiomesunder natural and field condition; 2) Applying cutting-edge research technologies and novel methods to understand both macro- ecological scope level and micro- level interactions; 3) Developing new genome editing technology and novel disease protection strategies by applying disease related microbiomes.