从性别及社会分工看当今两性角色的跃迁——以西南地区民族为例

男女两性是人类这一整体的两面，既有统一性，也有矛盾性，单纯从女性的角度来谈女性的发展是不完全的。历史上对女性的种种文化限制是不公正的，但客观目的是男女的极化，过度强调了两性完成自己的性别职能，同时也使生理差异异化为社会等级差异。西南地区各民族虽然广受儒家男尊女卑观念的影响，但其男女有别也有自己的特点。生殖干预技术的出现及人均寿命在20世纪后半期的快速增长，极大地冲击了人们的传统生育观念，但近年来发达国家和我国北京、上海等地的人口形势其实已经在暗示着，我们必须从更为宏观的角度来协调男女两性的角色。可持续发展有赖于社会对人们生育意愿的前瞻性保护。

Seeing the Transition of the Role of Gender from gender and the Social Division of Labor

Human being can be divided into male and female, old and young. The physical difference of gender is a part of the nature. The two sexual identities are the two fold of human being with the character of both harmony and conflict. Talking about the development women simply from the angle of feminie is unbalanced. Various cultural limitations to the female in the history were unfair However, the objective aim of cultural limitations in the history is the polarization of the two genders. Physical difference of gender was gradually dissimilated to the social rank difference. Although the ethnic groups in southwest of China were widely influenced by the concept of Confucianism on man preference, the recognition of the role of both gender, they have their own character in the concept of the role of both gender. The development of intervention technology in reproduction and the longer life expectancy at birth in the later half of the 20th century caused great strikes in the traditional fertility concept. The population situation in developed countries and the developed areas in China, such as Beijing and Shanghai, show that we should harmonize the roles of both male and female more macroscopically. Sustainable development relies on the protection to the fertility desires of the people.