Endogenous retroviruses |
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Authors: | F Arnaud M Varela T E Spencer M Palmarini |
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Institution: | (1) Section of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA |
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Abstract: | Sheep betaretroviruses offer a unique model system to study the complex interaction between retroviruses and their host. Jaagsiekte
sheep retrovirus (JSRV) is a pathogenic exogenous retrovirus and the causative agent of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma. The
sheep genome contains at least 27 copies of endogenous retroviruses (enJSRVs) highly related to JSRV. enJSRVs have played
several roles in the evolution of the domestic sheep as they are able to block the JSRV replication cycle and play a critical
role in sheep conceptus development and placental morphogenesis. Available data strongly suggest that some dominant negative
enJSRV proviruses (i.e. able to block JSRV replication) have been positively selected during evolution. Interestingly, viruses
escaping the transdominant enJSRV loci have recently emerged (less than 200 years ago). Thus, endogenization of these retroviruses
may still be occurring today. Therefore, sheep provide an exciting and unique system to study retrovirus-host coevolution.
(Part of a Multi-author Review) |
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