血液透析膜的应用及其改性研究进展

 急慢性肾功能衰竭是致命重症.临床治疗上述疾病的方法只有两种：血液透析或换肾.目前血液透析是治疗广大急慢性肾功能衰竭患者的主要手段.在血液透析设备中,透析膜至关重要.近年来,血液透析对其用膜的要求不断提高.本文综述了透析用膜的种类及其制备工艺、改性原理及方法,详细介绍了纤维素(cellulose)、醋酸纤维素(cellulose acetate,CA)、壳聚糖(chitosan,CS)、聚砜(polysulfone,PS)、聚醚砜(poly(ether sulfone),PES)、聚丙烯腈(polyacrylonitrile)、乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物(ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, EVOH)、聚甲基丙烯酸酯(poly(methyl methacrylate),PMMA)、聚乙烯醇(Poly(vinyl alcohol),PVA)等血液透析膜的优缺点.针对血液透析对其用膜要求的不断提高,提出了针对血液透析膜改性处理,提升其生物相容性、改善其透析性能及开发新型透性膜的一些措施,对新型血液透析膜的研究和开发有一定的参考价值.

The Research Progress in the Applications and Modification of Dialysis-membranes

Acute or chronic renal failure is a deadly severe disease. There are only two ways to cure these diseases, namely, hemodialysis and kidney transplant. Hemodialysis is the main means for curing patients at present. The key hemodialysis equipments are dialysis-membranes. The demand for dialysis-membranes with high performance is unceasingly rising. The types of dialysis-membranes and their preparation techniques, and the methods and theories for their modification are summarized. The advantages and disadvantages of cellulose, cellulose acetate (CA), chitosan (CS), polysulfone (PS), poly(ether sulfone) (PES), polyacrylonitrile, ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH), poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) are introduced in detail. With continuously heightened demands for the use of dialysis-membranes, some new ideas for improving the biocompatibility and related physicochemical properties for dialysis-membranes by chemical modification or designing new dialysis-membranes are presented. The results possess some reference value for researching and developing novel dialysis-membranes.