液化烃储罐区泄漏及火灾爆炸危险分析

 在系统分析液化烃不同储存方式及泄漏与火灾爆炸危险的基础上,提出了液化烃储罐常见火灾爆炸事故类型并分析判断流程。研究表明,全压力式液化烃储罐发生泄漏的概率与全冷冻式液化烃储罐发生泄漏的概率基本相当;与全压力储存方式相比,全冷冻方式储存的液化烃泄漏时强烈的吸热作用会造成更为严重的冷冻伤害破坏;空间爆炸、孔口火灾和池火是液化烃不同储存方式共有的火灾爆炸危险类型,全压力式液化烃储罐有发生沸腾液体扩展蒸气爆炸并形成火球的危险,全冷冻式液化烃泄漏后与水接触则有发生热传递类蒸气爆炸的可能。

Leakage and Fire & Explosion Hazards of Liquefied Hydrocarbon in Storage Tanks

The hazards of leakage and fire & explosion of liquefied hydrocarbon in storage tanks are related to the high flammability of liquefied hydrocarbon and the storage conditions such as temperature and pressure. The leakage frequency of the pressurized tank of liquefied hydrocarbon is 4.7×10^-5 per tank per year, in which the catastrophic rupture frequency is 4.7×10^-7 per tank per year. The order of magnitude of the leakage frequency for the refrigerated tank of liquefied hydrocarbon is almost the same as that of the pressurized tank. And the catastrophic rupture leakage frequency of both the double containment tank and the full containment tank are 1.0×10^-7 per tank per year. The heat absorption capacity and the freezing damage of liquefied hydrocarbon are related to its physical properties such as the atmospheric boiling point, the latent heat of vaporization, the specific heat capacity, the storage temperature and pressure of liquefied hydrocarbon, and the environment factors. The freezing damage of the refrigerated liquefied hydrocarbon is more serious due to its strong endothermic effect than that of the pressurized liquefied hydrocarbon if the leakage occurs. The vapor cloud explosion, the venting fire and the pool fire are common types of fire & explosion for both the pressurized liquefied hydrocarbon and the refrigerated liquefied hydrocarbon. Compared with the refrigerated liquefied hydrocarbon, the vapor cloud explosion and the venting fire for both gas and liquid phases, and the ground pool fire are easily formed for the pressurized liquefied hydrocarbon. And the boiling liquid expansion vapor explosion with fireball is a typical hazard. For the refrigerated liquefied hydrocarbon, the vapor cloud explosion may occur when the released refrigerated liquefied hydrocarbon enters a confined space such as a sewer system or an underground conduit system. And the venting fire and the pool fire are formed at the gas phase vents and the containment pit. The heat transfer vapor explosion may occur when the leaked refrigerated liquefied hydrocarbon contacts with water.