小麦茎鞘非结构性碳水化合物代谢与调控研究进展

 小麦遭遇逆境时花后光合作用减弱，茎鞘非结构性碳水化合物（NSC）作为主要灌浆物质来源对产量贡献率可达20%~50%。因此，了解茎鞘NSC的代谢规律，明确栽培管理措施和遗传育种改良对NSC代谢的影响，对于充分发挥NSC在小麦抗逆稳产中的作用具有重要意义。以小麦茎鞘NSC主要成分--果聚糖为例，概述了NSC的结构与合成、运输与降解；分析了小麦茎鞘NSC的功能，特别是对低温冻害和高温干旱逆境的响应；讨论了品种选择、水分管理、氮肥运筹等栽培措施对茎鞘NSC的调控作用；展望利用茎鞘NSC进行抗逆育种的前景。

Review on metabolism and regulation of non-structural carbohydrates in wheat stem

With the decrease of the photosynthetic rate under stress, non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) in wheat stem become the main carbon source, accounting for 20%~50%, for grain filling. Therefore, it is very important understanding the NSC metabolic regulation and the effect of the cultivation management and the genetic improvement on the NSC metabolism for adequately using the NSC for high or stable yield in wheat under stress conditions. In this review, the fructosan, as the predominant component of the NSC in the wheat stem, is taken as an example to reveal its metabolic pathway, including the structure and the synthesis, as well as the transportation and the degradation. The role of the NSC in the wheat stem is analyzed under stress conditions, especially at low and high temperature, and in drought. The regulation effect of the cultivation managements on the NSC is discussed, such as those related with the cultivar election, the water and the nitrogen management. Finally, the application prospect of the wheat stem NSC in breeding for stress tolerance is discussed.