环钦州湾河流入海污染物通量及其对海水生态环境的影响

利用2001至2010年监测结果和统计资料，研究环钦州湾近10年河流主要污染物人海通量变化特征，分析污染物人海通量变化与钦州市人口和地区生产总值（GDP）之间的关系，探讨近10年来环钦州湾污染物人海通量变化的原因及其对钦州湾水质和生态环境的影响效应。结果表明，河流输入是钦州湾人海污染源的最主要部分，人海污染物以有机物（COD）和营养盐为主。钦江和茅岭江输入的总污染物通量在前5年变化较大而后5年相对平稳；有机物通量与总污染物通量的变化特征一致；营养盐通量在近10年中显示出增加的趋势。钦州湾周边地区的社会经济快速发展以及近年来环境保护政策和措施的综合作用是河流污染物通量变化的主要原因。近10年河流营养盐入海通量持续增加，引起海湾营养盐的增加及富营养化程度的加重，最终导致钦州湾赤潮的风险增加以及浮游植物群落结构和多样性的变化，影响着海湾的生态系统健康。

Variation of River Pollutant Fluxes Around Qinzhou Bay and Their Environmental Impacts

Based on the investigative and statistical data obtained from 2001 to 2010,variations of river pollutant fluxes around Qinzhou bay were studied,and the correlation between river pollutant fluxes and socio-economic development around the bay during last ten years was analyzed.Also,the reasons and environmental impacts of river pollutant fluxes in the bay were discussed.Our results showed that river pollutant flux was the most part of the pollutant fluxes around Qinzhou bay and organic pollutant and nutrition dominated the pollutants.Total pollutant flux varied from 2001 to 2005 and was steady during 2006～2010.The variation of organic pollutant was similar to that of total pollutant while that of nutrition flux showed an increasing trend during last ten year.Fast socio-economic developments as well as pollutant treatments were main reasons for river fluxes variation during last ten years.The increasing of nutrition from river in recent years explained the increasing of nutrition concentrations and eutrophication in the Qinzhou bay,which affected the ecological environment,such as algae bloom occurred in the bay,and the changes in community structure and diversity of phytoplankton.