基于制造商竞争和产品差异的闭环供应链结构选择

综合考虑产品生命周期、产品差异和制造商竞争对于再制造闭环供应链的定价策略和闭环供应链结构选择的影响,建立了无回收、制造商回收、零售商回收和集中决策4种情形下以制造商为Stackelberg领导者的两周期闭环供应链的决策模型,并利用回溯法求得闭环供应链中各成员的最优定价策略.对各模型的最优利润进行比较并利用算例进行验证,结果表明:存在一个回收率临界值,使得当产品回收率低于此临界值时,制造商自己回收废旧产品；否则,制造商将委托零售商回收,与零售商实现共赢.制造商可以采用向零售商收取可变转移支付的机制来协调整个闭环供应链,从而进一步增大系统效益,消除分散决策模型中的双重边际化效应.

Structure choice of closed-loop supply chain based on manufacturer competition and production differentiation

The influence of the product life cycle,the product differentiation and the manufacturer competition on the pricing policy and the structure choice of the remanufacturing closed-loop supply chain are comprehensively considered.Four decision-making models of non-collection,manufacturer-collection,retailer-collection and centralized decision-making are established in a two-period closed-loop supply chain in which the manufacturers act as the Stackelberg leader.And the optimal pricing policies of the members in these four models are derived by backtracking.The optimal profits of these models are compared and the numerical examples are used.The results show that there exists a threshold of the return rate.The manufacturer collects the used products by himself when the return rate is less than the threshold.Otherwise,collecting work is entrusted to the retailer and the win-win situation is achieved between the manufacturer and the retailer.The manufacturer can adopt the mechanism that variable transfer payments are charged to the retailer to coordinate the whole closed-loop supply chain,which can further increase the system’s profit and eliminate the double marginalization effect in the decentralized decision-making model.