中国近代农学的发展--科学家集体传记角度的分析

对《中国科学技术专家传略》第一期工程“农学编”所收农学家中237位专家集体传记的分析表明：近代中国农学家群体在出生时段的分布上与科学发展的趋势不合，这与中国社会政治思潮与国家发展战略的转变有关；江苏、浙江出生的农学家所占比例极高，达44％，除与江浙两地人才辈出、近代文化教育发达这一总体趋势相关外，两省农业生产的发达也可能是重要的因素；金陵大学、中央大学农学院对近代中国农学发展影响极大，两校毕业生占总人数的4l％，这与两校自身在人才培养上有独到之处分不开；美国对近代中国农学的发展影响甚巨，留关农学家人数占总留学人数的64％，其他国家在某些学科如日本在养殖与园艺学科上也有重要影响。这些都表明近代中国农业科学的发展是中国国情与中国农业科学专家共同努力的结果，国情促使科学家们选择具有发展前景的学科，但国情有时又限制了科学家们的选择与努力。

Development of Modern Chinese Agronomy: Analysis in Terms of Prosopography

By analyzing the Part on Agrononomists in Brief Biographies of Chinese Scientists and Experts, which includes brief biographies of 237 Agronomists, the writer thinks that the density or number of Chinese agronomists does not tally with the developing trend of sciences in China. It relates to the change of current of China's political & social thought and strategy of national development. 44 percent of the 237 agronomists were from Jiangsu and Zhejiang. Flourishing agricultural production in the two provinces might be one important reason for this phenomenon in addition to success of education. Graduates of the College of Agronomy of the University of Nanking and of the Central University amount to 41 percent of the total number of graduates in China, which shows that the two universities have great influence on modern Chinese agronomy and are exceptional in the training of competent persons. Many of them had studied abroad. The returned students from America make up 64 percent of the total number of students studying abroad. This ratio also displays the important role of America in the development of agronomy in modern China. At the same time, the factor of Japan is showed in some subjects such as gardening. All these indicate that the development of agricultural sciences, which is closely related to China's national conditions, is the result of the joint effort of Chinese agricultural experts. National conditions spur scientists to choose subjects of good prospects, but they sometimes also restricts the choice and effort of the scientists.