广东冬末春初冷暖变化时空分布特征及类型

利用主分量分析方法对广东省1954-2000年1～3月气温进行统计分析，计算该时期气温场时空分布特征及分布的主要类型，同时对典型冷暖年份分析了500hPa环流形势特征。结果表明：①广东1-3月气温分布从东南向西北减低；②有4种分布类型：即全省型，南北型，相间型，西、西南和其它地区型；③全省性特暖年数量变化趋势为：20世纪50年代没有特暖年，以后随年代增加，到90年代特暖年明显增多；两个典型全省性冷暖年的亚洲月平均500hPa西风环流指数有明显差异.

The Characteristics of Space-time Distribution of Cold and Warm Variation and Patterns During the End Winter and Former Spring in Guangdong

Based on statistical analysis on the temperatures using the principal component method, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and patterns of temperature fields are obtained in Guangdong province from January to March during 1954- 2000, and the atmospheric circulations at 500 hPa in the warm or cold years are analyzed. The results show that: (1)The temperatures during Jan. and Mar. are decreased from the southeast towards the northwest; (2) There are four types of temperature fields, warm or cold type all over the province, warm-south and cold-north or cold-north and warm-south type, alternated cold and warm type, and cold (/warm) -west or southwest and warm (/cold) -other parts type. (3)The occurrence of the warmest years is: no warmest year in 1950's, more years during 1960s and 1980s, most years in 1990s. The circulation indexes of west wind at 500 hPa are obviously different in two typical wannest and coldest years.