地衣协同进化研究进展

对地衣的协同进化研究现状和发展方向进行了较全面的综述，资料表明，地衣的起源可追溯到前寒武纪；在漫长的进化过程中，共生菌与共生藻之间的相互作用使地衣产生了一些特有的性状，诸如对共生菌，共生藻的生存均有利的形态结构，合成了某些地衣所特有的镒生代谢产物，地衣体内不同部位ＤＮＡ甲基化程度不同等。共生菌、藻的分离培养发现，分离培养状态下的真菌与藻类与共生状态下的在形态、生理和遗传上有较大的差异，地衣的人工重建表明，真菌与藻类在协同进化的过程中已产生了较高的专一性。

Progress on the Coevolution of Lichen

The research status and prospects on the coevolution of lichens are reviewed in this paper. The origin of lichens dated back to the Precambrian. During the endless evolutionary process, some unique features have been induced because of symbiotic interactions, for example, the mutualistic anatomic structure, synthesis of unusual secondary compounds, inconsistent degree of DNA methylation within the lichens. Some lichenologists found that there were great differences in morphology, physiology and heredity between cultivated and symbiotic fungus and algae by cultivation experiments. The high specificity between symbionts due to coevolution was also found by artificial resynthesis.