基于系统发育和功能性状的森林群落构建机制

群落物种共存机制是生态学研究的重要论题。共存物种的生态和进化相似性是用于验证群落构建机制的关键信息之一,生态学家常用系统发育和基于功能性状的方法间接或直接估算相似性,从而揭示驱动群落构建的主要生态学过程。系统发育分析方法和基于功能性状的方法均能检验生境过滤和竞争排斥过程在群落构建中的作用,并为解决生态位理论和中性理论之争提供新的视角。根据现代物种共存理论,在不同的功能性状进化模式下,不同生态过程构建的群落功能结构和系统发育结构可能不同,聚集的群落系统发育结构可能在性状进化保守的情况下由生境过滤过程构建,也有可能在性状趋同进化的情况下由竞争排斥过程构建而成,因此检验功能性状系统发育信号对于推断群落构建机制显得十分必要,联合系统发育和功能性状的研究将能更加精确地推断驱动群落构建的主要生态过程。联合系统发育和功能性状研究干扰和次生林演替对群落系统发育结构物种共存机制的影响,将有助于认识群落物种多样性对干扰的响应及不同演替阶段群落的构建机制,为群落的管理和恢复提供依据。

Assembly Mechanism of Forest Community Based on Phylogeny and Functional Traits

The mechanism of species co-occurrence has long been an important issue in ecology.The ecological and evolutional similarity of co-occurring species is the crucial information for testing community assembly mechanism.Ecologists have increasingly utilized phylogenetic trees and functional traits to estimate the ecological similarity of species in order to test mechanistic community assembly hypotheses.Both the phylogenetic analysis and trait-based method can help to examine the effect of habitat filtering and limiting similarity on the community assembly,and provide the novel perspective on the solving of the debate of niche-based and neutral theory.According to the modern species co-occurrence theory,the community functional and phylogenetic structure driven by different ecological progresses should be different under different functional traits evolutional pattern.That is phylogenetic clustering should be whether the result of habitat filtering under trait evolutional conservation,or the result of competitive excluding under trait convergent evolution.So,examining the phylogenetic signal of functional traits is critical for inferring community assembly mechanism.The combination of phylogeny and functional traits can help to accurately reveal the major ecological processes driving species co-occurrence in community.Merging phylogeny and functional traits to investigat influence of disturbance and secondary forest succession on species co-occurring mechanism can help to reveal the response of species diversity to disturbance and assembly mechanism during succession,and then provide suggestions for community management and recovery.