从复杂网络的观点看大停电事故

从系统论的观点,结合工程界对电力网络与停电问题的研究以及最近复杂网络方面有关研究进展,给出了大停电问题的研究进展概述.首先讨论了电力网络的整体特性,指出电力网络具有小世界性质;其度分布是指数的,负载分布却是幂律的;具有介于随机网络和无标度网络之间的抗毁能力.简单回顾了关于电力传输动力学系统自组织临界性的研究,指出可以利用缺供电时间衡量停电规模,并给出了相应的统计结果,该结果支持最新研究的结论.最后,文章介绍了3个主流模型,并详细比较和讨论了不同模型的优劣,提出了本领域存在的主要问题以及可能的研究方向.

Brief Review of Blackouts on Electric Power Grids in Viewpoint of Complex Networks

In this paper,a brief review of blackouts on electric power grids is given.Firstly,we sum up the holistic topological characters of electric power grids,including their small-world effects,exponential degree distributions,power-law load distributions,and robustness intervenient between possian and scale-free networks.And then,we investigate the self-organized criticality in electric transition dynamics,and suggest a new measure,the time length of power shortage,to estimate the size of blackouts.The empirical results strongly support the recent theoretical hypothesis of the existence of self-organized critical behaviors.Finally,we put forward some unsolved problems and discuss how to statistically reduce the size of blackouts.