基于弹性力学的超构材料

近年来以微结构为基本构造单元的人工超构材料,由于具有自然材料所不具备的可设计的奇异物性,在材料学、声学、光学、电磁学以及信息能源等领域具有巨大的发展潜力.超构材料的研究脱胎于电磁超构材料,但是近年来在声学、热学、静电、静磁学以及弹性力学领域取得了飞跃的发展,大大拓展了超构材料的研究领域.借助Milton图重点阐述了基于弹性力学的新型超构材料的超常特性及其主要类别：例如具有负的质量密度和负弹性模量的声学超构材料,具有负泊松比的拉胀超构材料,具有剪切模量G=0的反胀超构材料,以及高强度的超轻材料等新奇的人工超构材料.不仅如此,还结合变换力学着重描述了声波和弹性波在这类弹性力学超构材料中的传播特性,以及详细阐述了负弹性参数超构材料界面的声表面波的特征及其物理效应.最后结合弹性力学超构材料在我国的研究现状,对利用弹性力学超构材料和声波超构材料操纵弹性波和声波的传播以及开发设计新型弹性力学超构材料等问题作了总结与展望,希望推进此类材料在诸多研究领域的应用.

Metamaterial based on elastic mechanics

In recent years, artificial metamaterials base on micro structures are showing huge development potential in fields of materials science, acoustics, seismology and information technologies, due to their devisable physical singularities which do not exist in natural materials. The study of metamaterial was born out of electromagnetic metamaterial. Nowadays, metamaterials have achieved a big leap forward with developments in the fields of acoustic, thermal, static, static magnetic and elastic mechanics, which greatly expand their study fields. With the help of a Milton graph, we focus on the extraordinary characteristics of novel elastic mechanics-based metamaterials and their species, such as acoustic metamaterials with negative mass density and elastic modulus, auxetic metamaterials with negative Poisson＇s ratio, inverse bulging metamaterials with shear modulus G=O and ultra-light materials with high strength. In addition, combining with the transform mechanical, this paper focuses on the propagation characteristics of acoustic and elastic waves in this elastic mechanics metamaterial and then elaborated the characteristics and physical effects of surface acoustic waves in the interface of metamaterials with negative elasticity parameters. Finally, we make a summary and prospect of the development of metamaterials combining with the elastic mechanics metamaterial research condition in China, such as metamaterial and acoustic metamaterial operating acoustic and elastic wave propagation using the elastic mechanics, design and development of a new type of elastic mechanics metamaterial. We hope this will help to accelerate the application of this metamaterial in many research fields.