基于潮流分布矩阵的电力系统碳排放流计算方法

电力系统是中国碳排放的主要来源。研究电力系统的碳排放理论、提高碳流分析结果的准确性，是完善碳交易市场建设、促进电力碳减排的重要前提。提出了一种基于潮流分布矩阵的电力系统碳排放流计算方法，旨在解决现有方法过于粗放、无法准确实现功率与碳流分摊的不足。其主要思路是结合精确潮流计算结果，采用比例分配原则，通过分析功率在网络中的流动过程，构造潮流分布矩阵，从而准确建立机组功率与节点流过功率之间的联系；然后根据发电机组类型的不同，考虑其技术水平与运行状态等因素影响，构建火电机组的精准碳排放模型。基于该模型，利用碳排放流依附于潮流的特征，将机组碳排放分摊到各节点负荷、各支路功率以及网络损耗，成功实现了电力系统碳排放流的准确追踪与溯源。采用4节点和30节点系统进行测试，测试结果验证了本文方法的正确性和有效性。

Calculation Method of Power System Carbon Emission Flow Based on Power Flow Distribution Matrix

Power system is the main source of carbon emission in China. Studying the carbon emission theory of power system and improving the accuracy of analysis results is an important premise to improve the construction of carbon trading market and promote power carbon emission reduction. In this paper, a calculation method of power system carbon emission flow based on power flow distribution matrix is proposed, which aims to solve the deficiency that the existing methods are too extensive and cannot accurately allocate power and carbon flow. The main idea is to combine the accurate power flow calculation results, adopt the principle of proportional distribution, and construct the power flow distribution matrix by analyzing the flow process of power in the network, so as to accurately establish the relationship between unit power and node flow power. Then, according to the different types of generator units, considering the influence of technical level and operation status of the unit, an accurate carbon emission model of the thermal unit is constructed. Based on this model, using the characteristics of carbon emission flow attached to power flow distribution, the unit carbon emission is allocated to each node load, branch power and network loss, and the accurate traceability and tracking of carbon emission flow in power system are successfully realized. 4-node and 30-node systems are used to test, and the test results verify the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method.