生境破碎化对鼎湖山蝶类多样性的影响

随着鼎湖山自然保护区旅游业迅猛发展,人为干扰不断加剧,需了解人为干扰造成的生境破碎化对蝶类的影响.该次调查在鼎湖山自然保护区的缓冲区、核心区和旅游区共记录蝴蝶9科、90属、144种.其中蛱蝶科种类最多(35种,24.31%),保护种19种,主要为凤蝶科(4种)、眼蝶科(4种)、蛱蝶科(4种);园林害虫11种,主要为弄蝶科(3种).调查结果显示,旅游区的特有蝶类种类少(1种),其寄主为金丝桃科植物,多样性最低;而保护区内特有蝶类的种类较多(34种),主要寄主为禾本科植物;寄主植物最丰富的是山蟠蛱蝶,主要寄生于豆科植物;核心区多样性最高,其中有收录于红色名录的燕凤蝶、么妹黄粉蝶、惊恐方环蝶等.结合鼎湖山自然保护区各功能区的生境、蝶类物种多样性和群落多样性的分析结果显示,人为干扰越强,生境破碎化程度越高,蝴蝶种类数量越少,与海拔高度则无明显关系.

Influence of Habitat Fragmentation on Butterfly Diversity in Dinghu Mountain Nature Reserve

The effects of habitat fragmentation caused by the increasing human disturbance as the vigorous development on the population of the butterflies were investigated in the Dinghu Mountain Nature Reserve. Based on diversity of the butterflies in Dinghushan from different areas (buffer area, core area and tourist area), we recorded 144 species which belong to 9 families and 90 genera, and the Nymphalidae had the most species (35 species, 2431%). Ninteen protected species, including 4 endemic species each of the Papilionidae, Satyridae families and the Vanessa Branch, and 11 species of garden pests mainly belong to Hesperiidae (3 endemic species) were recorded. The results show that few species of butterflies and only one endemic species were recorded in the tourist area, and their host plants are Hypericum. More species in protected areas (34 endemic species) were recorded with the highest diversity in core area, and their main host are grasses. Pantoporia sandaka, the main parasitic on legumes, has the most abundant host plants. We also recorded the species of the Red List such as Lamproptera curia, Eurema ada and Discophora timora from the core area. Our results suggest that the stronger interference and the higher habitat fragmentation, the fewer species of butterfly; but there is no significant relationship between altitude and species.