中国高等教育评估制度变迁的回眸与前瞻——基于历史制度主义视角

高等教育评估制度变迁是历史发展的必然,受到关键历史事件和社会矛盾转移的综合影响,在不同历史阶段呈现不同的内在逻辑和特征。基于历史制度主义视角,对中华人民共和国成立70年来的高等教育评估制度变迁历程的分析发现,我国高等教育评估制度主要经历了制度变迁生成、制度变迁启动、渐进性制度变迁和断裂性制度变迁4个阶段。受自我强化的学习效益、高昂的制度退出成本和制度转换的适应性障碍等路径依赖因素影响,高等教育评估制度变迁呈现渐进式和断裂式交织的改革特征。高考大扩招之后的质量问责意识觉醒和基于管办评分离的第三方评估机制引入是制度变迁的两个关键节点。经过诸多的改革突破和制度重构,现阶段我国已经形成从政府强势主导到社会组织、高校等多元主体共同参与的现代化评估制度新格局。面向未来的发展矛盾转型,推进高等教育评估制度改革应紧抓制度变迁关键节点,加快构建基于法治的多元化评估制度;重视制度变迁的理念共识,凝聚高等教育评估制度变迁合力;加强评估制度的国际化和本土化对话,促进中国特色社会主义高等教育评估话语体系形成。

Review and Prospect of the Change of China’s Higher Education Evaluation Institution:Based on the Perspective of Historical Institutionalism

The change of higher education evaluation institution is the inevitable outcome of historical development.Comprehensively influenced by the key historical events and social contradictions,it presents different internal logic and characteristics in different historical stages.From the perspective of historical institutionalism,the evolution of higher education evaluation system was analyzed in the past 70 years since the founding of the People’s Republic of China.It is found that China’s higher education evaluation system has experienced four stages:the generation,the initiation,the gradual change and the fractured change.Influenced by the path dependent factors,such as self-reinforcing learning efficiency,high cost of system exit and adaptability obstacles of institutional transformation,the changes display the characteristics of gradual and fractured reform.The awakening of the awareness of quality accountability and the introduction of the third-party evaluation mechanism based on the separation of management and operation score are the two key nodes of institutional change after the enrollment expansion of college entrance examination.After many reform breakthroughs and system reconstruction,China has formed a new pattern of modern evaluation system dominated by the government and participated by social organizations,colleges and universities.In order to promote the reform of higher education evaluation system,close attention should be paid to the key nodes of institutional change,speeding up the construction of a diversified evaluation system based on the rule of law,attaching importance to the concept consensus of institutional change,pooling the resultant force of higher education evaluation system change,deepening the dialogue of internationalization and localization of evaluation system,and promoting the language style of higher education evaluation of socialism with Chinese characteristics forming system.