宇宙射线的早期研究

宇宙射线研究是天体物理学和粒子物理学的重要研究课题。对宇宙射线早期研究文献进行整理、分析 ,证明宇宙射线发现、确认的历史过程为 :(1 )库仑从验电器漏电中发现 ,电荷不可能长久保持 ,最终将会消失。根据验电器漏电现象 ,卢瑟福认为 ,漏电是由空气中穿透性极强的辐射引起的 ,成为研究的一个转折点。 (2 )沃尔夫对原有验电器进行改进 ,大大提高了实验的精度 ,为以后的研究奠定了实验基础。 (3) 1 91 1年至 1 91 3年 ,黑斯经过十次高空气球飞行 ,认为这种极强的穿透性辐射来自地球之外的空间 ,从而打开了物理学一个新的研究领域。 (4 )密立根怀疑黑斯的结论 ,在美洲大陆进行了更广泛的实验工作。实验中 ,密立根首次使用了探测气球技术 ,导致黑斯的结论得到承认

History of the Discovery of Cosmic Rays

Cosmic rays are important research topics of high energy astrophysics and nuclear physics This article straightens out and analyses literature of cosmic rays research in the early years,and affirms the historical process of the discovery of cosmic rays:(1)According to the phenomena of leakage of electric charge from an electroscope,Coulomb found that the electric charge could not be kept for a long time and that it would lose slowly and finally disappear completely Through the phenomena,Rutherford believed that the leakage was caused by the penetrating rays in the earth's atmosphere,and his idea is a turning point of research (2)Wulf improved on the old type of electroscope and designed a new one,which heightened greatly the precision of experiment His work laid an experimental foundation for later researches From 1911 to 1933,Hess thought of the ultra rays as coming from the outer space above the earth after he put in practice 10 times ballon flight in the upper air In fact,he opened a new research field of physics since then (4)Millikan doubted Hess's conclusion,so he made extensive experiments in America,in which he firstly used a sounding balloon,and finally his work made Hess's conclusion to be accepted by scientists