"仁义礼智信"的由来、发展及其基本内涵(下)

“仁义礼智”四德整体的提出者是孟子,“礼义廉耻”四维德目的提出者是管子。郭店楚竹书《五行》试图建构一种将仁、义、礼、智、圣内化为人们的品德信念的道德体验模式。将“仁谊礼知信”称作“五常之道”,最早出现在汉朝董仲舒的《举贤良对策》之中。“仁义礼智信”作为整体德目由官方确定在董仲舒去世183年后的白虎观讲议五经同异的会议上。之后,“仁义礼智信”整体德目经历了从周敦颐的“诚,五常之本”说到二程的“五常全体四支”说以及朱熹的“五常之性”说。今天,以“仁义礼智信”为内容的中华民族的传统美德应该融入和谐社会的社会公德、职业道德和家庭美德的建设之中。

The Origin and Development of Kindness, Justice, Etiquette, Wisdom and Faith and Their Connotations

Kindness,justice,etiquette,wisdom were put forward by Mencius,and etiquette,justice,sense of honor and shame by Guanzi.Wu Xing in banboo slips found in Guodian tended to construct a mode of moral experience which can transform the five kinds of social moral principles into people's moral character and belief.Kindness,friendship,etiquette,knowledge and faith were called the five principles which first appeared in The Countermeasures of Recommending Talented people by Dong Zhongshu in Han Dynasty.Kindness,justice,etiquette,wisdom and faith as a whole organism were established by authorities 183 years later than Dong's death.Kindness,justice,etiquette,wisdom and faith then experienced the change from "honesty,the base of the five priciples" by Zhou Dunyi to two Chens' "the five principles including one head and four limbs" and "the nature of the five principles" by Zhu Xi.At prensent,we must bring Chinese traditional virtues embodied in kindness,justice,etiquette,wisdom and faith into the construction of social morality,work ethics,and family virtues in a harmonious society.