烃源岩中黏土与可溶有机质相互作用研究展望

黏土吸附可溶有机质在沉积物和烃源岩中普遍存在,它将在烃源岩的研究中扮演重要的角色.烃源岩中可溶有机质与不可溶有机质都与黏土共存,但黏土吸附的可溶有机质在烃源岩中占有较大的比重,其形成贯穿于有机质的聚集、沉积、保存和成岩的全过程,可能是烃源岩中油气生成的一种天然母质.可溶有机质赋存于黏土矿物微孔隙、表面和层问,以多种键合方式结合形成了有机黏土复合体,具有自己独特的性质,这与烃源岩中的不可溶有机质--干酪根的特征完全不同.采用不同有机溶剂抽提得到的可溶有机质的量存在差异;不同类型的黏土矿物吸附有机质方式和数量也存在差异,展现了烃源岩中可溶有机质-黏土的关系极其复杂.因此,从黏土一可溶有机质的相互作用角度开拓烃源岩研究的思路,对有机质生烃机理的研究以及油气资源量的计算都具有重要的意义.

Significance of Interaction Between Soluble Organic Matter and Clay Minerals in Muddy Source Rocks

Sorption of soluble organic matter (OM) to clay minerals occurs ubiquitously in sediments and sedimentary rocks. Soluble and insoluble OM associate with clay minerals closely in hydrocarbon source rocks, and the former holds the great proportion. The formation of soluble OM-clay complexes runs through out the whole process of aggregation, deposition, preservation and diagenesis,and may be one important nature parent material of hydrocarbon. Soluble OM occurs in the micropores and on the external and internal surface of clay minerals, forming organo-clay complexes via multiple interaction mechanism, which is quite different from insoluble macromolecular-kerogen. The amounts of soluble OM by various organic solvent extractions are different, and its emergence and amounts vary with types and nature of the clay minerals, showing a rather complicated associations of soluble OM with clay minerals in hydrocarbon source rocks. Study from soluble OM-clay interaction, therefore, explores a new way for hydrocarbon source rocks research, which has a great significance in the study of mechanism of hydrocarbon generation and calculation of oil and gas resource extent.