电热效应机理分析

分析了电热产生的机理,认为,绝缘体材料中的电热是由于外电场作用使价电子能态升高,改变了构成材料的价电子空间位置,使得晶格势场分布发生了变化,价电子系统处于高能状态.价电子系统由高能状态向低能状态转变的过程,对应于导体由热学非平衡态向平衡态——热学最可几状态转变,此时以热的形式放出多余能量,即表现为电热.导体载流时,载流子在作宏观定向运动,当其靠近原子实时,由于在晶格势场中的能态降低,故以热的形式放出多余能量,这就是通常所说的电流热效应.其实,电热与载流子宏观定向运动无关,例如,处于超导载流态的超导体内,虽然有载流子的宏观定向运动,但没有电热产生.电热产生是与价电子能态变化紧密相关的.

Mechanism of Electrocaloric Effect

Mechanism of electric heat generation is analyzed and the results are given as followings: System energy state of valence electrons rises when external electric field impacts on insulator material.The spatial positions of particles composing material are changed and lattice potential field distribution changes.Valence electron system is at high energies.The process that the system transfers from high to low energies corresponds the system transfering from non-equilibrium to equilibrium — thermal most probable state,excess energy is emitted in form of heat,and the performance is electric heat.When conductor is in current-carrying state,carriers are in macro directional movement.When they are closing to atomic kemel,energy state decreases in lattice potential field,the excess energy is emitted in form of heat.This is the usually called current heat effect.In fact,electric heat is unconcerned with macro directional movement of carriers,for example,there are macro directional movements of carriers in superconductor at superconducting current-carrying state,but no electric heating generates.The generation is related with the change of valence electron energy state tightly.