试论中国传统农学理论中的“人”

中国古代农学家在探讨农业技术的同时，始终要考虑人的因素。他们认为，天、地、人三才之中，人是农业生产中最重要的因素，而人的因素又是由“人和”及“人力”构成，人和需要靠道德来维系，人力又包括智力和体力两个部分，于是三才中的人又可分解为德、智、体三个方面。传统农学理论中有关“人”的论述方面，虽然认识到了“智力”或“知识”的作用，但尊重知识并没有成为一种社会的共识。重体轻脑、重德轻艺的片面认识，阻碍了科学技术的进步，也影响了生产力的发展，反过来又强化了体力和道德的作用。

A Primary Probe into theProblems about Human Elements in Traditional Chinese Agricultural Theory

Traditional Chinese scholars concerned very much about human beings while they are doing the research about nature.They believed that the human being is the most important factor in agriculture,military affairs and other activities,which is more important than heaven and earth.As the human factor was often mentioned as ren li(人力，manpower) and ren he (人和， harmonious relations),and manpower is composed of physical power and intelligence,and harmonious relations are maintained by morality,it was divided into three aspects of virtue,intelligence and physique.　　This paper discusses some topics,such as manpower.diligence,intelligence,choice and use of talents,and family and neighbor relations that related with the knowledge about human beings in traditional Chinese agricultural theory,and the influence of this knowledge upon the development of science and technology.It suggests that the unilateral knowledge about human of less science than virtue and less intelligence than diligence hindered the development of science and technology in China,and reversely,it enhanced the effect of human harmony and physical power.