物流配送中的绿色车辆路径模型与求解算法研究综述

随着绿色物流的发展,绿色车辆路径问题(green vehicle routing problem,GVRP)已引起学界的广泛关注,但关于GVRP最新研究进展的综述文献较少.首先,简要介绍GVRP基础模型和油耗/碳排放的主要测度方法;其次,根据GVRP环境效益优化目标及目标函数的构成,将GVRP模型分为油耗/碳排放最小化VRP、综合成本最小化VRP和多目标VRP三种类型,并从优化目标、油耗/碳排放的影响因素和测度模型,以及约束条件等方面进行分类综述;然后,简要介绍求解GVRP模型的精确算法、启发式算法和元启发式算法,并对应用较为普及的主要元启发式算法进行分析;最后,阐述了即时物流配送、冷链物流配送、电动车物流配送和共同物流配送等GVRP新的应用领域,指出了GVRP理论和方法的发展趋势.

Review of green vehicle routing model and its algorithm in logistics distribution

As green logistic emerged as a new trend, green vehicle routing problem (GVRP) has received wide attention from related fields, but literature reviews on the latest research of GVRP remain rare. Awared of this fact, this paper is intented to review several typical GVRP models and their solving algorithms. Firstly, an elementary GVRP model and several fuel consumption/carbon emission measuring methods are briefly described. Secondly, according to the optimization of environmental benefit and the composition of objective function, GVRP models are classified into tree types, i.e. fuel consumption/carbon emission minimization VRP, comprehensive cost minimization VRP and multi-objective VRP. Each model is discussed from four aspects, namely optimization objective, factors influencing fuel consumption/carbon emission, measurement models of fuel consumption/carbon emission and constraints. Then, some solving methods about GVRP such as exact algorithms, heuristic algorithms and metaheuristic algorithms are briefly introduced, and several widely used metaheuristic algorithms are analyzed. Finally, through presenting new applications of GVRP in just-in-time logistics distribution, cold chain logistics distribution, electric vehicle logistics distribution and joint logistics distribution, this paper points out the growing trend of theory and practical method of GVRP.