PM2.5中无机元素的污染特征和来源分析

为研究齐齐哈尔市大气颗粒物PM2.5的污染特征和来源,在2013年12月~2014年11月,于齐齐哈尔大学校园内安置采样点采集PM2.5样品。初步测定了PM2.5中Na、Mg、Al、K、Ca、Fe、Mn、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、W、Pb、Ti、V、Cr这16种无机元素的浓度水平,并通过元素相关性分析、富集因子分析和主因子分析方法对其来源进行解析。结果表明:元素污染较为严重的季节是夏季,冬季较轻。Pearson相关系数分析表明无机元素污染来自地壳源和人为源的共同作用。富集因子分析表明,Zn、Cu、As、Pb这几种元素高度富集,主要受到交通源和工业源以及燃烧源等人为污染影响显著。因子分析表明,元素污染春夏两季主要来源于建筑源、交通排放污染和工业污染三个方面,秋冬季的燃烧污染明显贡献的更多。研究结果对于防治齐齐哈尔大气污染有一定的借鉴意义。

Pollution characteristics and sources analysis of elements in PM2.5ZHENG Yongjie*, LV Jian

To study on the pollution characteristics and sources of elements in PM_2.5 in Qiqihar City, the PM_2.5 aerosol samples from this area were collected during Dec 2013 ~ Nov 2014. The concentrations of 16 elements ( Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Fe, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, W, Pb, Ti, V and Cr ) in PM_2.5 were determined preliminarily,and correlation analysis, enrichment factor analysis and factor analysis were used to analyze the sources. The results revealed that the pollution level of elements in summer was more serious than that in winter. Correlation analysis showed that the elements pollutions mainly came from anthropogenic source and nature source. Enrichment factors analysis showed that Zn, Cu, As and Pb were highly enriched, which demonstrated that they were due to traffic, industrial and combustion source possibly. Factor analysis indicated that in the spring and summer, the elements pollution were mostly from architectural and industrial source, while in autumn and winter, the contribution of combustion pollutions were more significant. The research results have some reference value for the prevention and control of air pollution in Qiqihar City.