大庆原油活性组分及相关界面性质

用沉淀法和色谱分离法将大庆原油分离成沥青质、极性物和抽余油 3部分。傅立叶红外光谱分析表明 ,沥青质组分和极性物中存在羧酸类或酚类以及含氮化合物 ,抽余油主要为烃类物质 ,可能还存在很少量的非极性基团较大的酯类物质。测定结果表明 ,在大庆原油中 ,沥青质的相对分子质量最大 ,其次为极性物 ,抽余油的相对分子质量最小。沥青质、极性物和抽余油都具有一定的界面活性。原油乳化实验表明 ,沥青质具有较弱的W /O乳化能力 ,抽余油具有较强的W /O乳化能力 ,是造成大庆原油W /O乳化的主要组分 ,极性物是造成大庆原油O/W乳化的主要组分。

Active components and interfacial activity of Daqing crude oil

Daqing crude oil was separated into tree components of asphaltene, polar fraction and remaining fraction with precipitation method and silica gel column. The molecular weight and structure of the fractions were investigated, using VPO and FT-IR. The results show that there are carboxylic compound, phenolic compound and nitrogen-containing compound in asphaltene and polar fraction. The remaining fraction mainly contains hydrocarbon compound and a small amount of non-polar ester. The measurement results show that the relative molecular weight of asphaltene in Daqing crude oil is the biggest, and that of the remaining fraction is the smallest. There are some interfacial activities among asphaltene, polar fraction and remaining fraction. The asphaltene in the Daqing crude oil possesses a comparatively weak ability for forming W/O emulsion, whereas the remaining fraction possesses a comparatively strong ability for forming W/O emulsion and is the main component for forming W/O emulsion in the Daqing crude oil. The polar fraction is the major factor for forming O/W emulsion.