湘矮A油菜雄性不育系及其杂交组合的细胞学观察和同工酶的研究

本文报导的是湘矮A油菜雄性不育系及其杂交组合的细胞学和同工酶的研究结果。湘矮A雄性不育系花药发育受阻时期是在造孢细胞时期;不育系和恢复系各器官的过氧化物酶同工酶谱均有明显差异,尤其以叶片的为最明显;杂种各器官的同工酶谱,常综合双亲的酶谱特征,表现为酶带或酶活互补型;保持系除花蕾以外,其他各器官同工酶谱基本上都和不育系的相同;不育系各器官的可溶性蛋白质的组成与恢复系相应器官的都有差异,杂种各器官的可溶性蛋白质的谱带图上,除了出现双亲蛋白质带的互补和重组现象外;总的趋势倾向于不育系;在油菜种子形成过程中,以开花后10～20天的过氧化物酶同工酶和酯酶同工酶的酶带最多,活性最强。但杂种的酶活性弱于湘油5号的酶活性;杂种种子形成过程中,其体积、鲜重、干重的变化规律与湘油5号的基干一致,但杂种种子的体积和鲜、干重在各个时期的增长量大多数都显著地小干湘油5号种子的增长量。

CYTOLOGICAL OBSERVATION AND STUDY OF ISOZYMES ON MALE STERILE LINE OF RAPE XLANG IOW-STBMMED A AND ITS HYBRID COMBINATIONS

This article covers the results of studies of cytology and isozymes on the male sterile line ofrape Xiang low-stemmed A and its hybrid combination. The development of anthers of the sterileine was rosericted at the sporogenous cell period. There were obvious differences between theIpattens of peroxidase isozymes in the organs of the sterile line and the restoring line, espec-ially in the leaves. The isozyme pattens of the organs of hybrids usually had the character-stics of parents and showed the types of complementary isozymes and activities. Those of theorgans of ratening line, expect the flower bud were almost the same as those of the organs ofthe sterile line. The organs of the sterile line differed in their soluble protein pattens tromthe ones of the restoring line. The organs of hybrids showed a general trend of the solubleprotein pattens to be similar with the organs of the sterile line besides the fact that they showedthe pattens of complementary and reconstituted proteins from parents. During the process of theseed formation, hybrids 10--20days after flowering reached a maximum of the band numbers ofperoxi dase and esterase isozymes and had the strongest activities. However, the isozyme activityof hybridswas weaker than that of Xiang rape No. 5. As for the volume and the fresh and driedmatter weight, the hybrid seeds remained basically the same in laws of changes as the seedsof Xiang rape No. 5. whereas most of them were significantly less than the seeds of Xiangrape No. 5. in the rates of increases at the different periods.