论传染病的危害及我国的防治策略

传染病是致病性(微)生物在人与人、动物与人及动物与动物之间相互传播的疾病,其流行既有隐蔽性又有突发性。不论急性还是慢性传染病都给人类健康带来极大灾难、给社会经济发展造成很大的损失。导致传染病发生的因素有多种,如不科学的生活、生产方式,自然环境的破坏,耐药微生物的不断增多等等。降低传染病危害的关键在于预防及整个社会协调一致的努力。每个社会公民都应该掌握预防传染病方面的基本知识并不断提高预防意识,各级政府应该采取更加科学的管理和预防措施,并加强对传染病和突发性疾病的研究投入和推广现有疫苗的使用等。本文旨在对目前国内外流行的主要传染病发生的原因及其危害做一系统的分析,并对传染病的防治提出建设性意见。

Infectious diseases and suggestions for strategic prevention in China

Infectious diseases are caused mainly by microorganisms such as bacteria, virus and parasites which are able to transmit among human population, to spread from human to human, from animal to animal or from animal to human. These diseases of both acute and chronic infections are not only detrimental to human heath, but also great burdens to the social and economic development. Lack of essential knowledge, poor living conditions, unhealthy social behaviors, consistent and irreversible environmental damages as well as microbial drug resistance due to the irrational usage of antibiotics are among the important factors that facilitate the transmission of the diseases. The national and global economic growth depends, to a large circumstance, on the successful control of the infectious disease, thus coordinated measures such as spreading the basic knowledge to the people living in both rural and urban areas, reforming current health care and medication systems, strengthening the investment in the basic research in infectious diseases and encouraging broader immunization coverage of available vaccines are needed. In this review, causes of the epidemics of several important infectious diseases, their national as well as global impacts are analyzed and approaches for long-term and efficient prevention of these diseases, especially in China, are suggested.