生态水利工程设计若干问题的探讨

通过分析水利工程与生态水利工程的差异，提出生态水利工程的开发应有明确的生态服务目标与功能以及工程选址、布局、施工过程的环境友好性与经济性。同时提出生态水利工程设计主要面临4个方面的问题：①缺乏基于不同区域的生态水利工程设计方法与评价标准；②水利工程设计人员与生态科技工作者往往缺少合作的机会与机制；③生态水利工程与原有水利工程设施难以协调运行；④生态水利工程设计缺少生态水文测验资料。研究结果认为生态水利工程设计应基于以下技术路线：①以生态水文学与工程水文学作为工程设计的基础，进行水文过程的分析与计算；②识别工程可能影响的关键生态敏感目标；③生态水利工程的设计要与环境工程设计进行有机结合。

Discussion on some problems in eco-hydraulic engineering design

Based on analysis of the difference between hydraulic engineering and eco-hydraulic engineering, it is proposed that the ecological service objectives and functions should be determined in eco-hydraulic engineering, and that the site selection, layout plan and friendly environment and economization during the process of construction should be emphasized. Four main problems difficult in eco-hydraulic engineering design were pointed out, including the lack of special design methods and evaluation criteria for eco-hydraulic engineering in different regions, the lack of cooperation opportunities and mechanism between designers engaging in hydraulic engineering and ecologists or ecological researchers, some difficulties in harmonious operation of the new eco-hydraulic projects with the existing hydraulic projects, and the lack of eco-hydrological test data. Finally, the technical routes for eco- hydraulic engineering design were put forward, i.e. the analysis and calculation of hydrological processes based on eco-hydrology and engineering hydrology, identification of key ecological sensitive objectives which might be influenced by the new eco-hydraulie projects, and the combination of eco-hydraulic engineering design with environmental engineering design.