小麦雌性不育系的胚胎学及其遗传观察

为了探明小麦雌性不育的胚胎学机理,以普通小麦育性正常品种、雌性不育系4042及其F1的早期子房作为观察对象,通过石蜡切片观察和统计,发现雌性不育小麦子房败育的原因是多方面的,主要是双受精障碍,占所有不育子房的50%以上,其次是早期的原胚虽然发育正常,但胚乳发育有不同方式的异常,最终导致子房的败育,雌性总不育率达93.3%.本文还通过比较双亲及杂种F1的幼胚发育,从胚胎学角度进一步证明了小麦雌性不育性状受隐性主效基因控制.

The Embryologic and Genetic Observation on the Female Sterile Line in Wheat

Investigations were made about the young ovary structures of the common wheat(Triticum aestivum L) varieties,the female sterile line 4042 and their hybrids F1(varieties×4042) by paraffin sections.The results of the observation showed that the embryologic cause of the female sterility in wheat were various,the first case was abnormal double fertilization,accounting for over 50 per cent of all observation;the second was various abnormal endosperm with normal proembryo.All of abnormal resulting in failure of the ovaries development were up to 93.3 per cent finally.It was also proved that the character of the female sterility in wheat was dominated by major recessive gene through comparing the young embryo of two parents and their hybrids F1.