分离乳清蛋白对优秀田径运动员赛前训练阶段免疫和抗氧化机能的影响

目的:观察WPI(分离乳清蛋白)对优秀男子中跑运动员赛前训练阶段免疫机能和抗氧化能力的影响.方法:17名优秀男子中跑运动员于赛前专项训练阶段,被随机分为对照组(C组,n=8)和服用组(E组,n=9).两组均正常饮食,其中E组额外补充服用WPI,方法为每天1次,补充22g,共4周.测试受试者在试验前、后血液中免疫功能和抗氧化功能相关指标的水平.结果:(1)试验后T淋巴细胞亚群CD4、白介素-4(IL-4)和干扰素γ(INF-γ)的蛋白水平E组均显著高于C组(P0.05,P0.05,P0.05).(2)试验后超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和谷胱甘肽-S转移酶(GST)的水平E组均显著高于C组(P0.05,P0.01,P0.01),而丙二醛(MDA)的水平E组则显著低于C组(P0.05).结论:(1)WPI可能通过辅助性T细胞亚群和双向调节Th1/Th2免疫平衡细胞因子激活运动员的免疫机能;(2)WPI能够明显提高运动员赛前训练阶段的抗氧化系统能力,主要通过增强抗氧化酶,尤其是谷胱甘肽相关酶的活性来减少自由基代谢产物的生成.

Effect of WPI on Immune Function and Antioxidant Capacity During Specific Training Period before Competition in Elite Track and Field Athletes

Objective:To investigate the effect of WPI(whey protein isolate)on athletes' immune function and antioxidant capacity during specific training period before competition.Method:During specific training period,seventeen elite male middle distance runners were randomly divided into experimental group(E,n=9)and the control group(C,n=8).Except normal diet,athletes only in E group took WPI for 4weeks with 22 g every time and once every day.Indicators of immune function and antioxidant capacity in blood were determined.Result:(1)In post-test,the levels of CD4,IL-4and IFN-γin E group were all higher than those in C group(P<0.05,P<0.05,P<0.05).No significantly difference between two groups in other indicators was found.(2)In post-test,the levels of SOD,GST and GSH-Px in E group were higher than those in C group(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.01),while MDA was lower(P<0.05).Conclusion:(1)During specific training period before competition,WPI could obviously increase antioxidant capacity of athletes,mainly by enhancing the activity of antioxidase,especially for glutathione-related enzymes,reduced the production of free radicals metabolites.(2)Also,WPI might help to activate immune function,by activation of helper T lymphocytes and regulation of cytokines involved in Th1/Th2 immune balance simultaneously.