COVID-19疫情不同阶段管控措施对大气污染物浓度的影响研究

2020年COVID-19疫情席卷全球，在我国疫情的集中爆发区和局部散发区均采取了严格的管控措施.论文采用2015年1月—2020年9月我国国控环境监测站点6种大气污染物(CO、SO2、NO2、O3、PM10、PM2.5)月均浓度值结果，分析了疫情管控措施对集中爆发区和后续局部散发区内大气污染物浓度的影响.结果显示在实施严格管控的疫情集中爆发期，湖北省内6种大气污染物中NO2浓度的减小最为明显，浓度变化与省内采取管控措施及复产复工的时间一致性较好.在2020年2月—4月的管控期间内，NO2各月均浓度值相较于前5年对应月份平均浓度均有显著减小，复工复产后逐渐恢复.SO2、PM10、PM2.5在管控期的部分月份也有显著下降，而CO月均值浓度亦出现了近6年来对应月份的最低值，但持续时间都相对较短.选用对管控措施表现最为明显的大气污染物指标NO2，持续监测了后续疫情局部散发区管控措施对其浓度的影响.吉林市、北京市、乌鲁木齐市等管控措施超过20天以上的散发区在其疫情管控期内均表现出了NO2浓度的显著降低.而确诊人数较少、扩散范围小的大连市、德宏傣族景颇族自治州瑞丽市由于管控时间较短，则未出现明显变化.证实了NO2浓度对人为活动强度的变化有直接的响应关系.

The impact of COVID-19 control measures on atmospheric pollutant concentrations in different epidemic areas of China

In 2020， as the COVID-19 swept the world， and strict control measures have been taken in the several epidemic areas of China to fight the pandemic. Monthly concentrations of six main air pollutants(CO，SO2，NO2，O3，PM10，PM2.5)of the national-level atmosphere environment monitoring stations from January 2015 to September 2020 were used to analyze the reduce effect of the traffic control and quarantine regulations on atmospheric pollution. The results showed that the strict control period had a good consistent with the pollutant significantly reduced period in the concentrated outbreak area of the epidemic Hubei Province. The concentration of NO2 was the most sensitive to the control measures from Feburay to April 2020 and significantly lower than the mean value of the corresponding months in the previous five years. SO2， PM10， and PM2.5 concentrations all had 1-2 months significantly low value， while CO appeared the lowest monthly concentrations in the control period compared to the mean value corresponding months from 2015 to 2019. However， they all were a short-time decrease and return to normal condition. Then NO2 as the sensitive indicators were used to investigate the possible impact of the short-time control action of Jilin， Beijing， Urumqi， Dalian， and Ruili City. It showed that three cities with a more than 20 days control period all showed a significant decrease in the corresponding months. Dalian and Ruili City had no significantly low value of the NO2 due to the very short-time control periods， In general， the control measures of human activities will have a certain impact on atmospheric pollutants， and the impact on NO2 concentration is particularly obvious.