聚苯胺基气凝胶衍生纳米碳的电化学性能研究

采用树枝状聚苯胺,长纤维聚苯胺,树枝状聚苯胺-石墨烯以及长纤维聚苯胺-氮掺杂石墨烯4种气凝胶作为前驱体,经直接碳化后获得了氮掺杂连续的纳米碳.研究了聚苯胺基气凝胶衍生纳米碳的微观形貌结构、元素组成以及电化学性能.结果表明,树枝状聚苯胺,长纤维聚苯胺,树枝状聚苯胺-石墨烯以及长纤维聚苯胺-氮掺杂石墨烯气凝胶衍生的纳米碳具有连续的多级孔结构,其比表面积分别为273.9、487.7、241.4和295.9 m2·g-1,氮的摩尔分数分别高达7.82％、9.62％、7.91％和10.17％,在0.5 A·g-1的电流密度下分别具有高达268、311、280和362 F·g-1的质量比电容,且倍率性能和循环稳定性能优异.

Study on Electrochemical Performance of Nanocarbon Derived from Polyaniline Based Aerogels

Dendritic polyaniline, long fibrous polyaniline, dendritic polyaniline/graphene and long fibrous polyaniline/nitrogen-doped graphene aerogels are employed as precursors to produce nitrogen-doped continuous nanocarbons through direct carbonization. The microstructure, element composition, and electrochemical properties of polyaniline-based aerogels derived nanocarbons are systematically investigated. The results show that nanocarbons derived from dendritic polyaniline, long fibrous polyaniline, dendritic polyaniline/graphene and long fibrous polyaniline/nitrogen-doped graphene aerogels have a continuous hierarchical porous structure, high specific surface area of 273.9, 487.7, 241.4 and 295.9 m2·g-1, respectively, high nitrogen molar fraction of 7.82%, 9.62%, 7.91% and 10.17%, respectively, and high specific gravimetric capacitance of 268, 311, 280 and 362 F·g-1 at the current density of 0.5 A·g-1, respectively, as well as excellent rate capability and cycle stability.